It can be seen from Figure 8 that infection with PPV first induces ROS accumulation in the host cells through its encoded NS1 protein (possibly including NS2 protein) resulting in host DNA and mitochondrial damage, which in turn result in cell cycle arrest and expression of mitochondrial proapoptotic molecules and cytochrome C release, all of which together lead to host cell apoptosis. This evidence concerns the gene LZTR1 and infection.