TGFB1 and cancer: Gene expression analysis was performed using the 770 known cancer genes from 13 canonical cancer‐associated pathways that include MAPK, STS, PI3K, RAS, cell cycle, apoptosis, Hedgehog, Wnt, DNA damage control, transcriptional regulation, chromatin modification, and TGF‐β in the NanoString PanCancer Pathways Panel (NanoString Technologies).