DPPA3 and cancer: High POU5F1 (OCT4) and NANOG expression is associated with spermatogenesis dysregulation.31 Unexpectedly, in the absence of a healthy tissue class corresponding to a primary tumor type, some important genes for the cancer reflect biological characteristics of the progenitor healthy tissue, such as DPPA3/5 for testicular germline cancers, and TYR and MLANA for uveal melanomas.