ABCC2 and neoplasm: Some well‐known drug resistance‐related genes were detected with quantitative PCR, including multidrug resistance 1 (MDR‐1), ATP‐binding cassette subfamily C member 1 (ABCC1), ABCC2, ABCC3, and ABCC4. The results revealed that the expression of these genes was upregulated in cisplatin‐resistant tumor cells, suggesting that these cell lines are resistant to cisplatin (Figure 7A).