These authors207 noticed that pulmonary expression of the IL-13 decoy receptor (IL-13Rα2) was up-regulated relative to that of the IL-13 signalling receptors IL-4R and IL-13Rα1 in patients with pulmonary hypertension and some animal models - suggesting the important regulatory role of IL-13 in the remodelling process. This evidence concerns the gene IL13 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.