VIM and melanoma: Kodet et al. (2015) have observed that melanoma cells and neural crest increase expression of keratins 8, 14, 19, and vimentin in co-cultured human primary keratinocytes. FGF-2, CXCL-1, IL-8, and VEGF-A also participate in the activity of melanoma cells on keratinocytes. Expression of keratins 7, 8, 14, 16, 18, and 19 was detected by immunohistochemistry in melanoma. MNF-116, keratins 8, and keratins 18 were higher in metastatic melanoma compared with primary melanoma (Safadi et al., 2016).