TNF and infection: Remarkably, at the end of week 8 after infection, Th1 responses were observed in the saline treated, as well as in the F1 and F3-vaccinated mice that exhibited increased IFN-γ/IL-10 ratios (Figure 4I), and in the saline treated and F1-vaccinated mice, that showed elevated TNF-α/IL10 ratios (Figure 4J).