TNF and tuberculosis: In ESAT-6, PPD, and MTBk stimulated samples, the median proportions of TNF-α+ CD4+ T-cells were significantly higher in participants with active TB than in those with LTBI (0.13 vs. 0.02%, p = 0.032; 0.85 vs. 0.28%, p = 0.004; 0.48 vs. 0.21%, p = 0.026, respectively).