IGHE and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: In addition, there is evidence that IgE antibodies to Staphylococcus aureus (Ranking fifth in the prediction list) enterotoxin in patients with COPD are significantly higher than that in healthy subjects, suggesting that an immune response to this superantigen, S. aureus enterotoxin, may be a potential cause of chronic inflammation in COPD (Gencer et al., 2005).