CNR1 and schizophrenia: Indeed, in humans disrupted CB1 signaling related to CNR1 variation appears to be involved in stress vulnerability and manifestation of stress related psychiatric conditions (Morena et al., 2016) including schizophrenia (Fernandez-Espejo et al., 2009; Gouvea et al., 2017) as well as non-response to antipsychotics; substance abuse and addiction (Benyamina et al., 2011; Lopez-Moreno et al., 2012); eating disorders; autism (Hillard et al., 2012); and mood and anxiety disorders (Ashton and Moore, 2011; Hillard et al., 2012).