Further, western blotting and IF showed that PAX6 overexpression markedly reduced the levels of the epithelial marker E-cadherin, but increased mesenchymal markers N-cadherin, vimentin, and FSP-1 (Additional file 1, Fig. S1c, h), suggesting that PAX6 can promote EMT in NSCLC cells. This evidence concerns the gene VIM and non-small cell lung carcinoma.