Some studies reported that PAX6 is frequently expressed in retinoblastoma, pancreatic tumors, and intestinal tumors18–20 and is highly expressed in pancreatic, brain, and breast cancer cell lines.21,22 Moreover, it has been reported that PAX8 and PAX5 are highly expressed in lung cancer.23 However, little is known about the expression and function of PAX6 in NSCLC. This evidence concerns the gene PAX6 and breast cancer.