Not surprisingly, most, if not all, of the transcription factors with which Apex1 is known to interact by various methods, including AP-135, Jag132, Egr132, Mdm236, p5337, HIF-138 and NF-kB39 among others, are directly or indirectly dependent on Creb1 for regulation of expression and their upregulation has been associated with poor outcomes for cancer chemotherapy. This evidence concerns the gene APEX1 and cancer.