Thioredoxin-interacting protein, TXNIP, expression is strongly induced by diabetes and high glucose (HG) levels in all tissues examined, including different cell types in the retina (Cheng et al., 2006; Devi et al., 2012, 2013; Perrone et al., 2009, 2010; Singh and Perrone, 2013). The gene discussed is TXNIP; the disease is diabetes mellitus.