SOD1 and neurodegenerative disease: Interestingly, in most neurodegenerative diseases – such as ALS-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's – SOD1 dysfunction, mitochondrial fragmentation and bioenergetics deficiencies occur (Trist et al., 2017; Van Damme et al., 2017); similar events may occur in diabetic retinal neurodegeneration.