The gene of apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) that mediates caspase-independent death upon mitochondrial damage, and the gene of PARP1 that initiates this pathway in oligodendrocytes of MS lesions [81] were significantly downregulated in active, inactive and remyelinating MS lesions, while there was PARP1 upregulation in chronic active lesions. This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and myeloid sarcoma.