SDF-1 gene expression was significantly higher in the PAH-3w group than in the control (p < 0.001), PAH-1w (p < 0.001), PAH-2w (p < 0.001), and PAH-5w (p < 0.001) groups (Fig. 5b). The gene discussed is CXCL12; the disease is pulmonary arterial hypertension.