Therefore, based on previous studies that reported an association between genomic instability and immunophenotype characterised by increased expression of checkpoint inhibitor molecules and infiltration of immune cells primarily involved in adaptive immune response [15, 45, 46], it was conceivable that both BRCA1- and BRCA2-deficient breast cancers may display such immunophenotype. The gene discussed is BRCA1; the disease is breast carcinoma.