NES and epilepsy: Using both transgenic overexpression of Pik3caH1047R [41] and endogenous knock-in of Pik3caE545K [63] models, crossed with developing neural progenitor promoters (Nestin-Cre, Nestin-creERT2, hGFAP-Cre), all key human pathological features were represented, including brain enlargement, cortical malformation, hydrocephalous and epilepsy [27].