CCL2 and posterior cortical atrophy: Among infiltrating immune cells, innate and adaptive immune cells were shown to significantly correlate with PCa aggressiveness.9, 10, 11 Moreover, mast cells could enhance PCa resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy via activation of p38/p53/p21 and ATM protein kinase signals.12 Similarly, cytokines from immune cells also affect chemotherapy resistance, such as interleukin 6 (IL6), IL8, CCL2, and transforming growth factor‐β1.8, 13