Moreover, immunopathological examination also revealed that γH2AX expression, which is a marker of double-strand DNA injuries, was detected at various sites of the large bile ducts, including the non-neoplastic bile ducts; S100P expression was detected in cholangiocarcinoma as well as premalignant or early malignant lesions, such as BilIN and IPNB, as previously reported [7]. The gene discussed is S100P; the disease is cholangiocarcinoma.