Both hepatitis B and C virus genes can potentiate c-Myc-induced tumorigenesis in transgenic mice, and the c-Myc pathway also is essential in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis-associated HCC models14–16, which suggests a central role for c-Myc in HCC, regardless of the etiology of disease. This evidence concerns the gene MYC and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis.