STAT3 and cancer: In the steady state, STAT3 resides in the cytoplasm, whereas upon activation, it translocates to the nucleus, mostly as a homodimer to bind a consensus DNA element in target genes, including cyclin D1, Bcl-xL, c-Myc, Mcl1, VEGF, and survivin [58] involved in cancer cell proliferation, differentiation, survival, invasion, inflammation, and immune-suppression functions.