Van et al. reported CLL-1+CD34+CD38− cells isolated from AML patients can produce leukemia in non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) mice, but CLL-1 is negative on the CD34+CD38− cells derived from normal bone marrow, regenerating bone marrow after chemotherapy from other diseases and mobilized peripheral blood from non-AML patients [32]. Here, CD38 is linked to acute myeloid leukemia.