EGFR and non-small cell lung carcinoma: In recent years, several large randomized controlled clinical trials consistently demonstrated that the tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) have a great efficacy in the treatment of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) harboring an EGFR-activating mutation compared to chemotherapy as the first-line treatment [2–10].