ULK1 and lobular neoplasia: In the current study, the detailed electron microscopic (EM) analysis of autophagosomes in podocytes and the evaluation of the expression of multiple components in the autophagy pathway, including Beclin-1, microtubule-associated protein light chain 3 (LC3), UNC-51-like kinase 1 (ULK1), and autophagy-related gene 7 (Atg7), were performed for LN patients, in order to assess the potential associations between podocyte autophagy activity and pathological features of LN.