TNF and rheumatoid arthritis: Mangiferin (1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone-C2-β-D-glucoside), derived from the family Thymelaeaceae, showed anti-RA effects via suppression of NF-κB, ERK1/2, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and RANKL when it was tested on CIA-induced DBA/1 rats at doses of 100 and 400 mg/kg for both 14 days and 27 days [43].