VCAM1 and rheumatoid arthritis: Thymoquinone (TQ) is extracted from Nigella sativa, and induces anti-RA effects by downregulating IL-6, IL-8, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM)-1, vascular cell adhesion protein (VCAM)-1, Cad-11, p38, and JNK in human RA synovium which was treated with 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 μM of the compound for 2 h [46].