In a transient ischemic stroke study, a low dose of C3aR antagonist (1 mg/kg) within 3 days after ischemia increased DCX+ neuroblast proliferation in the subventricular zone at 7 days post-ischemia, while a high dose of C3aR antagonist (40 mg/kg) suppressed neural progenitor cell proliferation [414]. This evidence concerns the gene C3AR1 and ischemia.