For example, human immunodeficiency virus-1 Tat protein reduces the mitochondria size and impairs mitochondrial fission by increasing the expression levels of fission and fusion proteins dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) in neurons [19], vaccinia virus inhibits OXPHOS and ETC to increase ROS production during the infection of macrophages [20], and influenza A virus can translocate viral protein PB1-F2 into the mitochondria via Tom40 channels and thereby impairs the innate immune response mediated by mitochondria [21]. The gene discussed is DNM1L; the disease is infection.