Indeed, risk models have been developed for predicting stroke in whole populations (i.e., the revised Framingham Stroke Risk Profile [23]) as well as in disease specific groups; including the CHA2DS2-VASc score (incorporating: congestive heart failure, hypertension, diabetes, vascular disease, age, gender and previous stroke or transient ischaemic attack) [24] and the ABC-Stroke score (including prior stroke/transient ischaemic attack, troponin and NT-proBNP) [25] for predicting stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is transient ischemic attack.