TNF and colitis: Over the last few decades, several studies reported the therapeutic effect of naturally-occurring curcumin in colitis via scavenging free radicals, supporting antioxidants, inhibiting NF-κB, and myeloperoxidase activity, suppressing the production of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines (TNF-α, IL-6, interferon-γ, C-C motif chemokine ligand 17, chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 15) [38,39,40].