NQO1 and cholangiocarcinoma: Their ability to prevent the metabolic activation of procarcinogens to carcinogens due to the inhibition of cytochrome P450 1A enzymes [21] and to activate the detoxification enzyme, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase has been described [22,23], Moreover, the XH suppressed migration ability of cholangiocarcinoma cells [24], inhibited angiogenesis in pancreatic cancer cells in vitro as well as in vivo [15], and induced apoptosis in gastric cancer cells in vitro and in vivo [25].