DUOX1 and Alzheimer disease: Investigating the impact of the probiotic and synbiotic treatments on the specific innate immune factors in Drosophila, gene expression of a variety of immunological factors was determined in aging AD Drosophila. Gene expression of the indiscriminate innate immune factor dual oxidase (Duox) which normally responds to elevated uracil levels from pathogenic bacteria, decreased over time in aging controls with a maximal decrease by 70% at day 30 (Fig 3c).