HDAC9 and cancer: To this end, ITCs have been shown to act as potent HDAC inhibitors in various cancer cell lines by inducing genomic alterations resulting in changes in carcinogenic activity of xenobiotics through (i) Nrf2-mediated induction of phase II detoxification enzymes, (ii) induction of cell cycle growth arrest and iii) apoptosis [179,180,181,182].