GPLD1 and cancer: The aim of this study was to construct the liposomes co-loading doxorubicin (DOX) as an anti-cancer model drug, FIPI as a specific PLD inhibitor, and D-alpha tocopheryl acid succinate (α-TOS) as a functional excipient that not only negatively charged the surface of the liposomes [32], but also exhibited several biological function such as induction of apoptosis, inhibition of cell proliferation, and P-gp ATPase [33, 34] in order to obtain the desired anti-tumor metastatic activity.