Despite the extraordinary ability to naturally suppress HIV-1 viremia, a proportion of EC exhibit a CD4+ T cell counts decline (immunologic progression) and/or lose their ability to control HIV (virologic progression) over the course of infection (Andrade et al., 2008; Okulicz et al., 2009; Sajadi et al., 2009; Boufassa et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2012; Olson et al., 2014; Leon et al., 2016; Chereau et al., 2017). The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is infection.