While future investigations will examine microglial activation state and regional and temporal changes in glial morphology and number, these data are consistent with earlier reports demonstrating that cerebral CXCL1 and CXCR2 levels determine the magnitude of neutrophil infiltration, subsequent neuronal loss, gliosis and infarct volume in stroke and TBI (Semple et al., 2010a; Hennessy et al., 2015). The gene discussed is CXCR2; the disease is stroke disorder.