Stroke-activated astrocytes increase the viability and migration of endogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) by releasing HMGB1, and promote neurovascular repair after stroke, while inhibition of HMGB1 by an siRNA restrains the EPC proliferation, blocks the peri-infarct angiogenesis, and increases neurological scores. This evidence concerns the gene HMGB1 and Stroke.