GHRL and metabolic syndrome: In the metabolic syndrome, the concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), markers of pro-oxidant status (e.g., oxidized LDL and uric acid), and prothrombotic factors were elevated, while the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10), ghrelin, adiponectin, and antioxidant factors were decreased [41].