INS and metabolic syndrome: All of the adiposity measures (i.e., WC, WHR, and FMI); several laboratory values (LDL, HDL, non-HDL, triglycerides, glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, fibrinogen, and CRP); having a diagnosis of diabetes or metabolic syndrome, and being a former smoker were each significantly associated with at least one ceramide or the risk score.