Although our findings and those of other studies suggested that CagA-related signal transduction can directly affect the lymphomagenesis of HP-dependent gastric MALT lymphomas, other HP-related pathways, such as tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes, cytokines, chemokines, FOXP3+Tregs, the communication of co-stimulatory molecules, and the HP-antigen-triggering BCR pathway, are also involved in the lymphomagenesis of HP-dependent gastric MALT lymphomas. This evidence concerns the gene S100A8 and gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma.