While their phagocytic capacity was largely unaffected, oxLDL-treatment macrophages showed an overall decreased cytokine production in response to Mtb. These results were somewhat surprising, as oxLDL has been associated with increased inflammation during atherosclerosis [71] and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) [72–74], including activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and subsequent secretion of IL-1β by macrophages [38, 75]. Here, NLRP3 is linked to atherosclerosis.