TNF and plasma cell myeloma: IFN‐γ plays a major in protection from tumor metastasis.47 In case of myeloma and B‐cell lymphoma, IFN‐γ induces macrophages for their direct cytotoxic effect against cancer as well as secretion of angiostatic chemokines.48 The importance of TNF‐α, a crucial Th1 cytokine, in tumors has been established using a TNF‐α knockout in a cancer mouse model showing early tumor development.