NPAS2 and Familial prostate cancer: Interestingly, NPAS2 rs6542993 was also found to be associated with an increased risk of progressive disease (HR 1.32, 95% CI 1.01–1.71, P = 0.032; Table 3 and Fig. 1b) after adjusting for known clinicopathological variables that are associated with advanced prostate cancer, confirming NPAS2 rs6542993 as a biomarker for prostate cancer progression.