The results demonstrated that the pro-apoptotic factors were no different in AFs-treated and PRODH SiRNA-treated cells, however, in cells which were treated with PRODH SiRNA + AFs + l-proline group, these pro-apoptotic proteins seemed to be up-regulated when compared with AF-treated or PRODH SiRNA-treated groups. This evidence concerns the gene PRODH and atrial fibrillation.