Other studies suggested that the presence of either LKB1 (Algire et al., 2011, Shackelford et al., 2013) or AMPK (Jeon et al., 2012, Kishton et al., 2016) increased survival of tumor cells during nutrient or oxygen deprivation or oxidative stress, thus exerting tumor-promoting effects. This evidence concerns the gene STK11 and neoplasm.