More significantly, mRNAs typically associated with AT1 cells (Hopx, Pdpn) were significantly decreased in CDH pups (Hopx fold-change 0.73, range 0.58–0.90) (Pdpn fold-change 0.52, range 0.43–0.63) (p<0.01 and p<0.0001) (Fig 5). This evidence concerns the gene PDPN and congenital diaphragmatic hernia.