Our results confirm that maternal Hb plays an important role with regard to maternal and child health outcomes.6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 Low maternal Hb was associated with increased odds of poor birth outcomes including LBW, preterm birth, SGA, stillbirth, perinatal mortality, and neonatal mortality, and adverse maternal health outcomes, including postpartum hemorrhage, preeclampsia, and transfusion. This evidence concerns the gene GSTM1 and postpartum hemorrhage.