GSTM1 and anemia (phenotype): reported increased odds of maternal mortality for women with Hb concentrations <70 g/L: OR (95% CI); 8.54 (2.06−35.42), 70−<90 g/L: 6.06 (3.16−11.6), and >145 g/L: 2.01 (1.12−3.61), as compared with women with Hb concentrations of 110−145 g/L.54 Hb was measured during the second or third trimester and there was no significant association with maternal mortality for women with mild anemia (≤110 g/L).