CST1 and neoplasm: In our studies, we identified several genes, including CEACAM6, SPARC, WNT6, CST1, MMP2, and KRT13, which have been extensively studied and demonstrated to be involved in the regulation of tumor growth, migration and invasion, cell cycle, and apoptosis (Chang et al., 2018; Choi et al., 2009; Dai et al., 2017; Kuo et al., 2014; Rizeq, Zakaria & Ouhtit, 2018; Wang et al., 2018; Yusuf et al., 2014; Zheng & Yu, 2018).