TNF and hepatitis A virus infection: Transplantation of exosomes released from adipose derived-MSCs (AD-MSC) can significantly reduce the elevated serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, liver inflammation and necrosis in concanavalin A (Con A)-induced hepatitis in C57BL/6 mice as well as the serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), IL-6, IL-18 and IL-1β, and the inflammasome activation in mouse liver [33].