NLRP3 and cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome: The most typical case is cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome (CAPS), in which specific mutations in the NOD-like receptor NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3 (NLRP3)10 induce uncontrolled NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which eventually leads to chronic inflammation because of IL-1β hyper-production.