To investigate the potential effect of expression levels of the selected HOX genes (HOXA1, HOXA7, HOXA9, HOXA10, HOXB1, and HOXB7) in anencephaly, we evaluated 10 anencephaly cranial tissues and 10 matched normal fetus cranial samples by the NanoString technique. Here, HOXB1 is linked to anencephaly.